Rearfoot/Heel

Cracked (fissured) heels are deep splits in the skin on the rim of the heel. Cracked heels are seen more commonly in the winter months when the air is dry. Cracked heels can be deep enough to bleed and... read more...

A broken heel bone is called a calcaneal fracture. There are many types of calcaneal fractures that are described by several calcaneal fracture classifications schemes. Treatment of a calcaneal fracture... read more...

The formation of callus is a protective mechanism used by the skin to respond to external mechanical irritation. All skin is capable of forming callus. The most common locations for callus on the foot... read more...

Charcot joints occur when the ability to sense deep pain is diminished or lost. As a result of the inability to sense pain, small fractures begin to develop in bone subject to mechanical stress. The normal... read more...

Charcot-Marie Tooth Disease (CMT) is an inherited neurological condition that results in muscle wasting of the lower legs, feet, and hands. CMT effects the peripheral nervous system and results in muscle... read more...

Clubfoot, also known as talipes equinovarus, is a relatively common congenital malformation occurring in approximately 1:1000 births. The term talipes equinovarus describes a deformity in which the newborn's... read more...

Friction between the foot and the floor is important in walking and running. Friction allows us to stand in place without slipping and to push off during the normal gait cycle. Each step we take results... read more...

Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD) is the leading cause of acquired flatfoot in adults. The stages of PTTD include inflammation of the tendon, partial tear or complete tendon tear. The onset... read more...

The Achilles tendon is the body's single strongest tendon. Its primary function is to transmit force from the upper leg and calf to the foot, enabling walking and running. An Achilles tendon rupture... read more...